Coal India explores, mines, processes and markets coal and coal products via a nationwide mining network. Its core portfolio includes coking, semi-coking, non-coking and washed coal, along with by-products such as middlings and rejects .

CIL operated 310 mines across eight Indian states in FY 2024–25. It contributed about 74% of India’s coal production in the year .

Sales are primarily to power utilities (state, private, IPPs) under FSAs, as well as non-power industries including captive power plants. Additional volumes are sold via e-auctions and through State Nominated Agencies .