Bad credit refers to a poor credit history characterised by a low credit score — typically below 650 on India's CIBIL score scale (which ranges from 300 to 900) — resulting from a pattern of missed loan repayments, loan defaults, credit card delinquencies, loan settlements, multiple hard credit inquiries, or accounts referred to collections. Bad credit signals to lenders that a borrower presents elevated default risk, leading to loan application rejections, higher interest rate offers, lower sanctioned loan amounts, and stricter collateral requirements. In India, CIBIL (TransUnion CIBIL), Experian, CRIF High Mark, and Equifax are the four RBI-licensed credit bureaus that maintain credit histories and generate credit scores used by all major lenders. For investors and clients of Ventura Securities who use margin trading, loans against securities, or other leveraged products, maintaining a strong credit score by servicing all debt obligations punctually is critical — both for access to credit and for maintaining favourable borrowing terms on investment-linked financing.
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